<p>The Water Witch Club Historic District is a 50 acre historic district located in the Monmouth Hills section of Middletown Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It is near the Waterwitch section of the borough of Highlands. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 12, 2004, for its significance in architecture, entertainment, landscape architecture, and community planning and development.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The Water Witch Club was founded in 1895 by Ferdinand Fish, a New York City developer. The name comes from The Water-Witch, an 1830 novel by James Fenimore Cooper. The Water Witch Club Casino was built in 1905 and expanded in 1911. The two-story Lavinia Anna Erbacher House, built around 1905, was designed by architect Frederick P. Hill and features Shingle Style and Colonial Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Seven Stars Tavern is a historic building located at the junction of Sharptown-Swedesboro Road and Woodstown-Auburn Road in Pilesgrove Township of Salem County, New Jersey and near Woodstown. The building was built in 1762 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 1976, for its significance in architecture, military, and social history. It is now a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Peter Lauterbach built this two and one-half story brick building in 1762. It features Flemish bond patterned brickwork with the initials "P L E" and the date. The initials are from his name and his wife&#39;s, Elizabeth. It also has a date plaque on another side.</p><br>
<p>His son, John Louderback (note name change), lived in the tavern during the American Revolutionary War. In 1778, British forces raided the tavern in search of him.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is also the focus of ghost stories. In Old Inns and Taverns in West Jersey, the author, Charles S. Boyer, states</p><br>
<p>that "probably more ghost stories are woven around the old Seven Stars Tavern than any similar building in the state."</p><br>
<p>It is said to be haunted. In the early 20th century, the Stephens family lived there and experienced multiple sightings of paranormal activities, including: figures on horseback riding up to the tavern window - which once served as one of the nations first "drive through" windows during the Revolutionary War times. On one occasion, an infant (Dorothy Stephens) was in a crib in a bedroom when a figure in a white gown bent down over her and appeared to be intent on picking her up. The childs sister (Elizabeth), returning from a night out with friends, saw the figure as she checked on the child and, when she called out, the figure disappeared. In the 1980s, a Philadelphia-based news team performed a live seance in the attic.</p><br>
<p>Sussex County Courthouse is located at the corner of High and Spring Streets in Newton, the county seat of Sussex County, New Jersey in the United States. It is part 10th vicinage of the New Jersey Superior Court.</p><br>
<p>It was originally built in 1765 and rebuilt in 1847. It is one of the courthouses dating from the 18th century and among the oldest courthouses in the United States still in active use. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1979 for its significance in architecture, using Greek Revival temple style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse was the site of a daring raid during the American Revolution by one of the Loyalists&#39; best operatives, Lieutenant James Moody. In 1780, Moody led several men to free eight Loyalist prisoners held in the Sussex County Courthouse. Moody freed the men and fled with them. Despite a pursuit lasting several days, Revolutionary forces failed to capture them. The court was gutted by fire in 1847 and rebuilt within the original fieldstone walls.</p><br>
<p>The old courthouse continues to handle judicial proceedings in conjunction with a newer Sussex County Judicial Center built in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Reinhardt Mills, later Boris Kroll Mills, is a historic silk mill complex located in Paterson, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Part of the complex has been redeveloped as the Paterson Commons apartments with future plans for additional redevelopment. The Philip&#39;s Academy Charter School opened a campus on the site in 2016. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Albert J. Zabriskie Farmhouse is located at the current address of 7 East Ridgewood Avenue in Paramus, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, just east of New Jersey Route 17. This is one of several Zabriskie historic sites associated with the descendants of prominent settler Albrycht Zaborowski . This stone house was built in 1805 by Albert Jacob Zabriskie  in the New Jersey Dutch style, owned by four generations of the family until 1924, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1977. Due to confusion from the street name and handwritten notes on one page of the NRHP nomination, the building is sometimes mistakenly listed as being in Ridgewood, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Todays East Ridgewood Avenue was once a colonial road linking the Saddle River (to the west) and the Hackensack River (to the east). Generations of the prolific Zabriskie family would raise children and crops and livestock in the area for over 200 years. Albert Jacob Zabriskie, a great-grandson of patriarch Albrycht, inherited one-third of his fathers 225 acres in 1796, and built the 1805 house using materials salvaged from his fathers home directly across the road. Albert Jacob left the house to his son Peter Albert Zabriskie in 1835, who left it to his own son Albert Peter Zabriskie in 1875, who left it to his niece Anna Zabriskie in 1904, who finally sold it in 1924 after 119 years of family ownership. Since then, the historic home was remodeled into professional offices, the lot was subdivided to a half-acre, and the surrounding land was converted into the Fashion Center shopping complex and a suburban housing development and NJ Route 17. Still, despite the many changes over the years, the 1805 stone farmhouse has kept virtually the same appearance from the road, and remains one of Bergen Countys best-preserved examples of its Dutch Colonial heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Gatch Site is an archaeological site located near Milford, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The boundaries of the Gatch Site encompass approximately 75 acre of land on what was once the farm of John N. Gatch. It has long been known to locals as a productive source of Native American relics; consequently, area residents have collected large numbers of artifacts from the site over the years. Annual plowing increased the number of known artifacts by bringing them to visibility on the surface of the fields. An archaeological survey has observed that the southern and northwestern parts of the farm have yielded the highest concentration of artifacts, including firepits, campsites, and burials.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>During the mid-2000s, a nonprofit organization, the Valley View Foundation, began a program to purchase property along the East Fork of the Little Miami River with a goal of preserving portions of the river valley from erosion. The core of the organizations project was the "Bottoms" area, located on the northern side of the river west of the interchange of Interstate 275 and USA Route 50. This area was once intended for development by a company that purchased the land in the late 1980s; however, after the Milford city government declined permission for the proposal, the company sold it in 2002, and it has since come into the ownership of the city. Located within the Bottoms is the site of the Gatch family farm; in proposing its conservation program, the Valley View Foundation highlighted the significance of the Gatch Site as a leading part of the areas history.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1974, the National Park Service recognized the prehistoric significance of the Gatch Site by adding it to the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of nine archaeological sites in Clermont County that is listed on the National Register. Among the other eight is the Clarke Farm Site, which like the Gatch Site has produced artifacts from the Woodland period.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Willis Library is a historic public library located in the city of Washington, in the USA state of Georgia. The library, located at 204 East Liberty Street  in downtown Washington, is the designated public library for Wilkes County and headquarters of the Bartram Trail Regional Library System. Built in 1889 in red brick and featuring Tiffany glass, the Mary Willis Library was listed with the USA National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>First free library</h2><br>
<p>The Mary Willis Library was the first free public library in the state of Georgia when it opened in 1889. The free library was a revolutionary concept in a day when all the states earlier libraries charged users a subscription fee. The library was founded the previous year by Dr. Francis T. Willis in memory of his daughter, Mary. Dr. Willis, a local by birth who had moved to Richmond, Virginia in 1867, left the library as a gift to his hometown and its citizens. Dr. Willis donated his own private collection of books, plus $15,000 for the librarys construction, $2,000 to purchase furnishings and more books, and another $10,000 as an endowment fund.</p><br>
<p>Noted Atlanta architect Edmund George Lind designed the library in the Queen Anne style, with masonry construction featuring detailed brickwork, a steeply gabled roof and a dome-capped tower. The library interior is lit by stained glass windows, including the central memorial window which was crafted by Tiffany Studios. The historic original 1889 construction covered a size of 2,655 ft (246.7 m).</p><br>
<p>By 1977, the facility had outgrown its original space, and an addition was needed. Architects Kuhlkhe and Wade of Augusta designed an annex which was attached to Linds historic original structure. This first annex added 4,459 ft (414.3 m) of floor space. Todays facility, at 12,381 ft (1150.2 m) is over four and a half times the size of the original.</p><br>
<p>The collection at Mary Willis Library includes at its core a number of rare books on local and state history, books by authors native to the Washington-Wilkes County area, genealogical archives, and historic memorabilia and newspapers from Washington&#39;s past.</p><br>
<h2>Regional library</h2><br>
<p>The library&#39;s private endowment continued to fund operations until 1967, when Mary Willis Library joined with the library in neighboring Taliaferro County to form a regional library system. Today, the Bartram Trail Regional Library System is headquartered at Mary Willis Library. The Bartram Trail system services Wilkes County, where Mary Willis Library is located, Taliaferro County, and McDuffie County. Mary Willis is joined in the Bartram Trail system by two branch libraries, the Taliaferro County Library in Crawfordville and the Thomson-McDuffie County Library in Thomson.</p><br>
<p>The Brooke Site  is an archaeological site in the northwestern portion of the USA state of Ohio. Located south of the city of Defiance in Defiance County, the site encompasses approximately 1 acre at the bottom of a ravine, along the Auglaize River. It was occupied by Late Woodland peoples of the Ontario and Younge Traditions.</p><br>
<p>Archaeology students from Defiance College took part in field schools at the site during the summers of 1968 through 1973. Excavations conducted by these field schools resulted in the discovery of a wide range of artifacts, such as bits of flint, bone, and pottery, a midden, fire pits, and a piece of copper. Although only half of the site was excavated by these field schools, the knowledge gained was significant because it highlighted the connection between the different peoples who occupied the site, and because the excavations revealed the inhabitants&#39; varying seasonal uses of the site.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the Brooke Site was added to the National Register of Historic Places because of its archaeological significance.</p><br>
<p>John E. Weidenboerner House is a historic home located at St. Mary&#39;s in Elk County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1881 in the Italianate style. It is located within the St. Marys Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>John E. Weidenboerner House Plaque Apr 12.JPGJohn E. Weidenboerner House, historic marker, April 2012</p><br>
<p>Bonifels is a historic home located at Ridgway Township in Elk County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1898 by N.T. Arnold and is a large -story, T-shaped stone mansion. It features hipped roofs with hipped roofed dormers, a conical tower, and a crenellated stone tower. It is owned by the Elk County Country Club.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Belcher–Ogden Mansion; Benjamin Price House; and Price–Brittan House Historic District is a 0.75 acre historic district located on East Jersey Street in Elizabeth, Union County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 28, 1986, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It is located near Boxwood Hall and is in the heart of colonial Elizabethtown, the first English-speaking settlement in what became the Province of New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>Belcher–Ogden House</h2><br>
<p>The Belcher–Ogden House, also known as the Governor Jonathan Belcher Mansion, at 1046 East Jersey Street was built in 1742 and documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1978, for its significance in architecture and politics/government.</p><br>
<h2>Nathaniel Bonnell House</h2><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Bonnell House, at 1045 East Jersey Street, is the oldest house in Elizabeth.</p><br>
<p>Bethel A.M.E. Church is located in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The African Methodist Episcopal Church congregation was founded in Davenport in November 1865 and it was incorporated on January 1, 1866. Their first location was at the corner of Fourth and Gaines Street. Not only was it the first of several small churches that were founded by the Black community in Davenport after the conclusion of the American Civil War, it was the first in the State of Iowa. The trustees were Emanuel Franklin, P.C. Cooper, Hy Simon and William Van Duzer.</p><br>
<p>The property at the corner of Eleventh and Ripley Streets was purchased in 1875 for $1,800.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Clausen designed the building using two styles that are typically found in home construction: Bungalow and American Craftsman styles. The choice seems appropriate for a denomination that emphasizes simplicity and avoidance of ceremony and symbolism.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s United Methodist Church is located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Development of the Methodist Church in Davenport</h3><br>
<p>The beginning of the Methodist Church in Davenport can be traced to the arrival of the Rev. E. C. Gavit of the Ohio Conference who was sent to minister among the Sac and Fox tribes in 1835. He was also instructed to visit White settlements along the way and from them, he was to receive his financial support. While he resided in the area that would become Davenport, his missionary territory stretched from the Missouri state border to St. Anthony Falls in Minnesota, which is in present-day Minneapolis.</p><br>
<p>In August 1836 the Methodist Society was organized in Rockingham, Iowa, the present southwest side of Davenport, with the assistance of the Illinois Conference. It consisted of seven or eight people. D.C. James had been assigned to the Rock Island District and preached at Rockingham. Later that year the Rockingham Circuit was formed. The circuit included an area of about 200 mi. It stretched from the Iowa River on the south to the Wapsipinicon River on the north and went inland to where ever there was a White settlement. Chauncey Hobart was put in charge of the circuit.</p><br>
<p>The first services in the city of Davenport itself were held in the spring of 1837 at the house of D.D. Eldridge. The missionary E.C. Gavit led the service and preached.</p><br>
<p>The first organized church in Davenport started in 1839 when William L. Cook was authorized to form a church organization. He found seven people and they formed the first class in Davenport. In a year it would grow to 20 members. Rev. Francis H. Chenowith was sent to be the first preacher in Davenport and a church building was begun in 1841 on the west side of Perry Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets. The small structure was built of brick and measured 30 by. The congregation took the name Davenport Methodist Episcopal Church and later First Methodist Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>The congregation continued to grow and in 1853 plans were drawn up for a new church building at the corner of Fifth and Brady Streets. The new building was completed the following summer, and a parsonage was built soon after. In 1856 Wesley Chapel was formed with 60 members. The parent church had 375 members.</p><br>
<p>The congregation continued to grow and it was decided their church building was again too small. In 1867 property was purchased on top of the hill at the corner of 14th and Brady Streets. The Fourteenth Street Methodist Episcopal Church was formed at that location. Other small congregations also formed from the main church: Spring Street Church, Cook Chapel, and Gilruth Chapel. In 1873 a new main church was built further up Brady Street because the trains on 5th Street created too much noise.</p><br>
<h3>St. John’s Church</h3><br>
<p>In 1899 First Methodist Episcopal Church and Fourteenth Street Methodist Episcopal Church were reorganized into Central Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1902 the cornerstone of the present church building was laid at the 14th and Brady location. Parke T. Burrows was the designing architect and Frederick G. Clausen was the superintending architect.</p><br>
<p>The new building was dedicated on December 13, 1903, as St. Johns. It was built at a cost of $112,000. The church building has a large rectangular sanctuary and an imposing corner tower. In the early 20th century it had a congregation of 1,030 and a Sunday School of 623 pupils. Other Methodist congregations were formed in the 20th century: Grace (1925), Faith, and Christ (1965). St. Johns has remained the largest congregation.</p><br>
<p>The church property expanded in the 21st century when the church renovated a former furniture store across 14th Street. Called The center, it created more space to expand the church&#39;s outreach ministries. An alternative worship site was created at Wertz Funeral Home at Kimberly and Jersey Ridge Roads. The location moved in 2007 to Eisenhower Elementary School.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Johns is a cruciform-plan structure with a prominent corner tower. The building is constructed of limestone in the English Gothic style. Instead of the soaring verticality, which is typical of a Gothic style church, St. Johns presents a relatively low profile. This is emphasized in its strong horizontal masonry coursing and the massing of solid, geometrical forms. The main entrance into the church is located beneath the arched tower base. Large tracery windows dominate the west, north and south elevations. Lancet windows are found throughout the structure. A parsonage is located to the south of the church building and is constructed of the same materials. An education building is attached to the southeast corner of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The M.P. Moller (Op. 9404, 1960) pipe organ features a traditional style console with roll top. It is equipped with three manuals, four divisions, 40 stops, 26 registers, 33 ranks, 1998 pipes and electro-pneumatic (EP) unit chests. The manual compass is 61 notes and the pedal compass is 32 notes. The drawknobs are organized in vertical rows on angled jambs. The balanced swell shoes/pedals are in standard AGO placement. The combination action is a remote pneumatic/mechanical capture system. Rounding out the features are AGO Standard (concave radiating) pedalboard, reversible full organ/tutti thumb piston, reversible full organ/tutti toe stud, combination action thumb pistons, and coupler reversible toe studs.</p><br>
<p>Stoplist:</p><br>
<p>GREAT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Quintade 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Principal 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Holzgedeckt 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Quintaton 24</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Blockflöte 61</p><br>
<p>IV Fourniture 244</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>Unison Off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>Chimes 21 (present)</p><br>
<p>CHOIR</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Erzähler 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Lochgedeckt 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Erzähler 12</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Erzähler Celeste 49</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Nachthorn 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Prinzipal 61</p><br>
<p>II Sesquialtera 122</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet 61 (7" wind)</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>Unison Off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>SWELL</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Bordun 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Viola 61</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Viola Celeste 54 GG</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Prestant 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Koppelflöte 61</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Zauberflöte 61</p><br>
<p>III Plein Jeu 183</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Fagot 61 (1-42 L/2)</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trompette 61</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Hautbois 61 (1-18 L/2)</p><br>
<p>Tremolo</p><br>
<p>Unison Off</p><br>
<p>Super</p><br>
<p>PEDAL</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Contre Basse 32</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Quintade GT</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Erzähler CH</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Geigen 12</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Rohrgedeckt 32</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Quintaton GT</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Erzähler CH</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Octave 12</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Rohrflöte 12</p><br>
<p>2&#39; Rohrflöte 12</p><br>
<p>II Grave Mixture 64</p><br>
<p>II Rauschquinte 24</p><br>
<p>16&#39; Double Trumpet 12</p><br>
<p>8&#39; Trumpet CH</p><br>
<p>4&#39; Clarion CH</p><br>
<p>The Windham Village Historic District is one of two historic districts in Windham, Vermont, encompassing the dispersed rural village near the town&#39;s geographic center. The area was principally developed in the early decades of the 19th century, and has had only modest alterations since then. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Windham Village is a dispersed rural settlement, extending along Windham Hill Road between Harrington Road and Stone Bridge Road. The focal point of the village is the Congregational Church, located at the junction with Harrington Road, which was built in 1802 and given Greek Revival styling in 1825. There are twelve other primary buildings, of which ten are historically significant, in an area of about 45 acre. All of these are residences, typically 1-1/2 or stories in height, with wood-frame construction and either vernacular Greek or Gothic Revival style. Most were built before 1858—there are only a few 20th century houses in the area, and they are sympathetic in style and scale to the older buildings.</p><br>
<p>The town of Windham was chartered in the early 1770s, but settlement of this, its central village, did not begin until the 1780s. The village is unusual in the state as a well-preserved and still-occupied high hill villages, many of which were abandoned in the 19th century and early 20th centuries. At the middle of the 19th century, when the town population was at its peak, the village included a small commercial complex, which declined and collapsed in the 1940s, its building materials eventually salvaged by area residents.</p><br>
<p>The Chinatown Historic District is a neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii, known for its Chinese American community. It is one of the oldest Chinatowns in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>There is conflicting information about the boundaries that make up Chinatown. One source identifies the natural boundary to the west as Honolulu Harbor, and to the north, Nuuanu stream. Beretania Street is usually considered the eastern boundary, and the southern boundary is Nuuanu Avenue, although the Chinatown Special District is considered to extend approximately a block and a half south of Nuuanu along Merchant Street. In total, the land area is 522 acre. A few blocks to the east is the Hawaii Capital Historic District, and adjacent to the south is the Merchant Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Alternatively, the Hawaiian language newspaper Nupepa Kuokoa described Taona Pake (Chinatown) in 1900 as "that whole area from West side of Kukui Street until the river mouth called Makaaho, then travel straight until reaching Hotel street; and travel on this street on the West side until reaching Konia Street, and travel until you reach King St.</p><br>
<h3>Locations</h3><br>
<p>Since 2002, there are two small paifang on the sidewalks flanking North King Street, just north of where King crosses Nuuanu Stream, and just south of where Hotel splits from King. There is also a small brick entrance arch to Maunakea Marketplace off Maunakea Street, decorated with an awning featuring a green-tile roof. Two guardian lions mark the southern entrance to Chinatown on Hotel, between Bethel and Nuuanu near the Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Park (formerly Chinatown Gateway Park); they were gifted to Honolulu by a sister city, Kaohsiung, in 1989. Dr. Sun was born in another of Honolulu&#39;s sister cities, Zhongshan.</p><br>
<p>The Wo Fat Restaurant was Honolulu&#39;s oldest. The business first opened in 1882, but the building was destroyed in the 1886 fire. A new building was built at 115 North Hotel Street (21&deg;18&prime;44.4&Prime;N latitude, 157&deg;51&prime;47&Prime;W longitude) after the 1900 fire, and the current three-story building at the same location opened in 1938, designed by Y.T. Char. The Wo Fat Restaurant closed in 2005, and the building housed a nightclub in the early 2000s.</p><br>
<p>In 1904, the Oahu Market was opened by Tuck Young at the corner of King and Kekaulike streets, coordinates 21&deg;18&prime;45&Prime;N latitude, 157&deg;51&prime;51&Prime;W longitude. The simply designed functional construction, consisting of a large, open-air, covered space divided into stalls, remains in use today for selling fresh fish and produce.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was probably used by fishermen in ancient Hawaii but little evidence of this remains. Kealiimaikai, the brother of Kamehameha I lived in the area at the end of the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>One of the first early settlers from outside was Isaac Davis, who lived there until 1810. Spaniard Don Francisco de Paula Marín lived in the southern end of the area in the early 19th century, and planted a vineyard in the northern end, for which Vineyard Boulevard is named.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th century laborers were imported from China to work on sugar plantations in Hawaii. Many became merchants after their contracts expired and moved to this area. The ethnic makeup has always been diverse, peaking at about 56% Chinese people in the 1900 census, and then declining. Honolulu is traditionally known in Chinese as 檀香山 (Tánxiāngshān), meaning Sandalwood Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Two major fires destroyed many buildings in 1886 and 1900. The 1886 fire started at 4 p.m. on April 18; according to contemporary news reports, the Chinese fire company was blamed for being unable to halt the progress and the fire consumed 60 acre, destroying almost all of Chinatown, save two or three buildings. 8,000 residents were displaced. Sailors and marines from were credited with keeping the fire contained to Chinatown by blowing up buildings.</p><br>
<p>The 1900 fire started during the destruction of a building infected with bubonic plague; the plague was confirmed in Honolulu on December 12, 1899. Schools were closed and 7000 residents of the area were put under quarantine. After 13 people died, the Board of Health ordered structures suspected of being infected to be burned. Residents were evacuated, and a few buildings were successfully destroyed while the Honolulu Fire Department stood by. However, on January 20, 1900, the fire went out of control after winds shifted, and destroyed most of the neighborhood instead. The neighborhood was rebuilt and many of the current buildings date from 1901. Very few are over four stories tall.</p><br>
<h3>Bubonic Plague (1899–1900)</h3><br>
<p>King Kamehameha III created the Board of Health on December 13, 1850. This became the first Board of Health in the United States. It was established to supervise the public health of the people of Hawaii, and to protect them against epidemic diseases. The Board of Health, which at that time was under the control of three physicians, Nathaniel B. Emerson, Francis R. Day and Clifford B. Wood, played an integral role during the bubonic plague outbreak that started in 1899. The situation had become so dire in Honolulu that Emerson, Day and Wood were afforded absolute dictatorial authority over Hawaii. This was the result of an agreement between the President of the Provisional Hawaiian Government, Mr. Sanford Ballard Dole, and the Attorney General, Mr. Henry E. Cooper, who concurred that nothing should impede the battle of the "dread disease". Cooper also served as the President of the Board of Health.</p><br>
<p>According to the Annual Reports published by the Hawaii State Department of Health, the first case of the bubonic plague was Yon Chong, a 22-year-old Chinese man who worked as a bookkeeper in Chinatown. Chong fell sick on December 9, 1899, and formed buboes, leading his attending physician to suspect the plague. A jointly-conducted diagnostic exam was performed by other doctors, who confirmed the suspicion. Their diagnosis was reported to Board President Cooper on December 11, 1899. Yon Chong died the following day, and Cooper made an announcement to the public about this first bubonic plague death.</p><br>
<p>After the public announcement, Cooper ordered an immediate military quarantine of the Chinatown area. In hopes of containing the plague in Honolulu, the Board of Health also closed Honolulu Harbor to both incoming and outgoing vessels. According to the official Board of Health records, only three human cases of the plague were recorded during the quarantine. On December 19, 1899, the quarantine of Chinatown and Honolulu Harbor was lifted. However, only five days after the quarantine was lifted, nine more cases were reported by the Board of Health. Of those 12 reported cases, 11 would die.</p><br>
<p>The epidemic continued until March 31, 1900. By the end, a total of 71 cases and 61 fatalities were reported by Board of Health.</p><br>
<h3>Yersinia pestis in Hawaii</h3><br>
<p>Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes bubonic plague, is transmitted by the oriental rat flea and has been historically propagated along various trade routes to the west from China. The original introduction of the oriental rat flea to Hawaii is unknown. In 1899, the Nippon Maru anchored in Honolulu Harbor en route to San Francisco, and reported the death of a Chinese passenger. After inspection, the ship had been confined to Quarantine Island, better known today as Sand Island. After a week-long stay there, the ship had been cleared to travel on to San Francisco. According to one record, due diligence was executed on the part of the Board of Health with respect to the passengers and goods, though little attention was paid to the chance of rats escaping and going ashore. This is because it was not yet widely known that the rodents were the carriers of the flea vector that transmits Yersinia pestis.</p><br>
<h3>Great Honolulu Chinatown Fire of 1900</h3><br>
<p>The bubonic plague was introduced into Honolulu on October 20, 1899, by an offloaded shipment of rice from the America Maru, which had also been carrying rats. At that time, Chinese immigration to Hawaii had resulted in crowded residences in Chinatown with poor living conditions and sewage disposal. The Board of Health responded by incinerating garbage, renovating the sewer system, putting Chinatown under quarantine, and most of all burning affected buildings. Forty-one fires were set in total, and on January 20, 1900, winds picked up one fire and spread it to other buildings. The fire burned out of control for seventeen days and scorched 38 acre of Honolulu. There were another 31 controlled burns after the incident. The 7,000 residents rendered homeless were housed in detention camps to maintain the quarantine until April 30. White residents who had gathered to watch the fire escorted the victims to refugee camps by force, using baseball bats and pick handles to ensure compliance.</p><br>
<h3>Rebuilding and preservation</h3><br>
<p>Critics accused the government of Sinophobia. An exodus occurred. While the former residents rebuilt Chinatown, many moved to the suburbs, hoping not to relive a similar incident. The post-fire architecture used masonry rather than wood, since stone and brick buildings were fire resistant.</p><br>
<p>Many of the people who filed damage claims were represented by lawyer Paul Neumann, but he died before the cases went to court.</p><br>
<p>After World War II the area fell into disrepair and became a red-light district.</p><br>
<p>During the administrations of mayors Frank Fasi and Jeremy Harris the area was targeted for revitalization. Restrictions on lighting and signs were relaxed to promote nightlife. Special zoning rules were adopted for the area.</p><br>
<p>The Hawaii National Bank was founded in the district in 1960, and has its headquarters there. About 36 acre of the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu on January 17, 1973, as site 73000658.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern edge of the district, the Hawaii Theatre was restored and re-opened in 1996. The area around the theatre is called the Arts District. In 2005 a small park near the theatre at the corner of Hotel and Bethel streets was opened and named Chinatown Gateway Park. In November 2007 the park was renamed to honor Sun Yat-sen, who came to Chinatown in 1879; he was educated and planned the Chinese Revolution of 1911 during his Hawaiian stay.</p><br>
<p>Honolulu Chinatown was included in the Preserve America program.</p><br>
<h2>Government and infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>The Chinatown-Downtown Honolulu Neighborhood Board is an elected nine-member volunteer organization dedicated to improving the governance of this specially designated region. It is a part of the City and County of Honolulu Neighborhood Commission Office. Currently, the Board is chaired by Ernest Caravalho and meets on the first Thursday of each month at 6 p.m. at the Keʻelikolani Middle School Cafeteria 1302 Queen Emma Street, Honolulu, Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The downtown police substation of the Honolulu Police Department is located in Chinatown. Officials broke ground for the substation on Friday September 18, 1998. Mayor Jeremy Harris said that he wanted a police station built at that location because the presence of a police station would deter crime.</p><br>
<p>The Skyline rail system is anticipated to extend service to Chinatown by 2031; the future Hōlau station will be built in the median of Nimitz Highway between River and Kekaulike.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The character Charlie Chan was based on detective Chang Apana (1871–1933). After a vacation to Honolulu in 1919, Earl Derr Biggers read about Apana and based the character there</p><br>
<p>The character Wo Fat in the TV series Hawaii Five-O was named after the eponymous restaurant in Honolulu&#39;s Chinatown</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is located in central Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The congregation is associated with the Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Development</h3><br>
<p>When the city of Davenport was formed in 1836 there were between 10 and 12 people who were Presbyterian. In the first couple of years they worshiped with other Protestant congregations. In April 1838 they formed their own congregation. They gathered in a small building owned by T.S. Hoge on Ripley Street between Front (present-day River Drive) and Second Streets. They managed the best they could with supply ministers who visited from time to time. The group was organized into a church on May 5, 1839, in a small frame school house on the corner of Fourth and Harrison Streets. The clergy in attendance at the service that day included Rev. Ithamar Pillsbury of Macomb, Illinois, Rev. M. Hummer of Stephenson (present-day Rock Island, Illinois) and the Rev. Enoch Mead of Rockingham, Iowa, which is now the southwest section of Davenport. They were also the supply clergy who visited the congregation occasionally. In 1842 J.M.D. Burrows and T.S. Hoge were chosen and ordained elders of the church.</p><br>
<p>Rev. Samuel Cleland had charge of the Davenport and Stephenson congregations for four years starting in 1843. At this time they built their first church in Davenport even though the congregation was still very small. In 1846 the congregation only numbered 17. From 1847 to 1849 the congregation was irregularly served by a pastor. Stability for the congregation came in November 1849 when the Rev. J.D. Mason became the pastor. At this time the church consisted of about 30 members. By 1857 the congregation had grown to 200.</p><br>
<p>The congregation built another church building in 1853 on Third Street between Harrison and Main Streets. In 1864 they sold that property and purchased the former St. Lukes Episcopal Church on Brady Street. This building served the congregation for over thirty years when the decision was made to build a new church closer to the center of the parish. The ground was broken for the new church at the corner of Kirkwood Boulevard and Iowa Street on March 18, 1898. The churchs cornerstone was laid the same year on July 20, and the new church was dedicated on December 17, 1899. The old church became the Academy of Sciences, a forerunner of the Putnam Museum</p><br>
<h3>Present Church</h3><br>
<p>The new church was designed by the Galesburg, Illinois architectural firm of Gottschalk & Beadle. They were the same firm that designed an almost identical Central Congregational Church in Galesburg. The building is constructed of Marquette brownstone and it has a magnesian stain. The architectural style is Romanesque with a tower in the Richardsonian style. There are carved oak leaves and foliage on the gables in the Renaissance style. The interior is octagonal in shape and the ceiling is marked with a Maltese cross and a Greek cross.</p><br>
<p>The congregation continued to grow and by 1935 it numbered 1,300 people and was one of the largest congregations in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The Casavant Frères Ltée (1999, Op. 3455A) pipe organ is located in the front of the sanctuary with some pipes exposed. It features a traditional style console with a roll top. The organ is located in the center in a fixed position. It is equipped with four manuals, five divisions, 61 ranks, the manual compass is 61 notes, and the pedal compass is 32 notes. It has electric key action and electric stop action. The drawknobs are in vertical rows on angled jambs. There are balanced swell shoes/pedals in standard AGO placement. The combination action is a computerized/digital system. Rounding out the features are AGO Standard (concave radiating) pedalboard, crescendo pedal, reversible full organ/tutti thumb piston, reversible full organ/tutti toe stud, combination action thumb pistons, combination action toe studs, coupler reversible thumb pistons, and coupler reversible toe studs.</p><br>
<p>Stoplist:</p><br>
<p>GREAT ORGAN</p><br>
<p>16 Spitzflöte (ext)</p><br>
<p>8 Bordun (Sw)*</p><br>
<p>4 Oktave</p><br>
<p>2-2/3 Quinte</p><br>
<p>2 Oktave</p><br>
<p>1-3/5 Terz</p><br>
<p>VI Mixtur</p><br>
<p>16 Trompette</p><br>
<p>8 Trompete</p><br>
<p>8 Tuba (So)*</p><br>
<p>Tremulant</p><br>
<p>Chimes</p><br>
<p>MIDI*</p><br>
<p>SWELL ORGAN</p><br>
<p>16 Bordun (ext)</p><br>
<p>8 Prinzipal*</p><br>
<p>8 Spitzgeigen</p><br>
<p>8 Vox Coelestis</p><br>
<p>8 Bordun</p><br>
<p>8 Flute douce*</p><br>
<p>8 Flute celeste*</p><br>
<p>4 Oktave</p><br>
<p>4 Rohrflöte</p><br>
<p>2 Gemshorn</p><br>
<p>IV Scharf</p><br>
<p>16 Klarinette</p><br>
<p>8 Trompete</p><br>
<p>4 Klarine</p><br>
<p>Tremulant</p><br>
<p>MIDI*</p><br>
<p>CHOIR ORGAN</p><br>
<p>8 Dulzflöte</p><br>
<p>8 Schwebung</p><br>
<p>8 Rohrgedackt</p><br>
<p>4 Traversflöte</p><br>
<p>2 Italienisch Prinzipal</p><br>
<p>1-1/3 Quinte</p><br>
<p>II Kornett</p><br>
<p>8 English Horn</p><br>
<p>8 Tuba (So)*</p><br>
<p>4 Tuba Clarion (So)*</p><br>
<p>MIDI*</p><br>
<p>SOLO ORGAN*</p><br>
<p>8 Montre*</p><br>
<p>8 Flute majeure*</p><br>
<p>8 Flute harmonique*</p><br>
<p>4 Prestant*</p><br>
<p>II-IV Cornet*</p><br>
<p>8 Hautbois*</p><br>
<p>8 Tuba*</p><br>
<p>4 Tuba Clarion*</p><br>
<p>PEDAL ORGAN</p><br>
<p>32 Soubasse (Electronic)*</p><br>
<p>32 Bourdon (Electronic)*</p><br>
<p>16 Kontrabass</p><br>
<p>16 Spitzflöte (Gt)</p><br>
<p>16 Bordun (Sw)</p><br>
<p>8 Oktave</p><br>
<p>8 Spitzflöte (Gt)</p><br>
<p>8 Bordun (Sw)</p><br>
<p>III Theorbe*</p><br>
<p>IV Mixture</p><br>
<p>32 Contra Trompete (Electronic generators)*</p><br>
<p>16 Posaune</p><br>
<p>16 Trombone (Gt)</p><br>
<p>8 *Tuba (So)*</p><br>
<p>8 Trompete (ext)</p><br>
<p>4 Klarine (Sw)</p><br>
<p>4 Tuba Clarion (So)*</p><br>
<p>(*) Additions in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Other Presbyterian congregations</h2><br>
<p>Other congregations sprang up in the city including First Associate Reformed Presbyterian in 1856. The congregation changed its name to United Presbyterian four years later, to McClellan Heights in 1907, and finally St. Andrew&#39;s in 1960. The congregation disbanded in 2008. Newcomb was organized by the YMCA in 1869 in the northwest part of the city. It became a mission of First Presbyterian between 1883 and 1916.</p><br>
<p>The James Whitall Jr. House is located at 100 Grove Avenue in the borough of National Park, Gloucester County, New Jersey. The house was built in 1766 and documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1937. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1973, for its significance in architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two story brick building with Flemish bond and a gable roof. It was built by James Whitall Jr. in 1766, noted by glazed header bricks in the southeast gable. His father built the nearby James and Ann Whitall House located in the Red Bank Battlefield Park in 1748.</p><br>
<p>The Winegardner Village  is an archaeological site near Rushville in Fairfield County, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<p>Located on a flat two-part bluff, the site was formerly used as pasture until the middle of the 20th century, when it came under cultivation. The resulting plowing brought up enough artifacts to warrant further investigation of the site, and in 1954, archaeologists conducted a test excavation. Among the artifacts discovered during this process were pottery, bones, and stone chips.</p><br>
<p>Archaeologists believe that the Winegardner Village was once occupied by a Middle or Late Woodland people. It is one of several Woodland period villages in the area, and its position atop a bluff overlooking Little Rush Creek gives it a defensive advantage that has often been cited in archaeological analysis of the site. Artifacts such as broken pottery and fire-burned stones have been seen as evidence that the site was occupied by a dense population.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of the site&#39;s archaeological significance, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The landmarked area encompasses an area of approximately 5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The German American Heritage Center, also known as the Germania-Miller/Standard Hotel, is a cultural center and museum in Davenport, Iowa, United States, that chronicles and preserves the history of German-Americans in the Midwest region. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The German American Heritage Center was incorporated in 1994, and the board of directors purchased the Standard Hotel on the Davenport riverfront in 1995. The building was built by John Brus and opened in 1862 as the Germania House, a gasthaus (guest house), for immigrants. The hotel&#39;s name was changed several times in the 20th-century. It became the Arcade Hotel around 1906, the Henry Blessing Boarding House around 1917, and the Standard Hotel from 1924 to 1995. The retail space on the main floor was occupied by various tenants over the years. In 1983, the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, In 2009, extensive renovations to the center were completed with enhanced multimedia and exhibit spaces.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a fine example of high Victorian commercial architecture in Davenport. Of particular merit is the metal cornice that was apparently added by John Miller, whose name appears on it. The original storefronts had been removed and were restored in the 2009 renovation. The easternmost bay, where the hotel&#39;s main entrance was located, is more decorative than the other six and is below the cornice arch.</p><br>
<p>The Clemuel Ricketts Mansion  is a Georgian-style house made of sandstone, built in 1852 or 1855 on the shore of Ganoga Lake in Colley Township, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania in the United States. It was home to several generations of the Ricketts family, including R. Bruce Ricketts and William Reynolds Ricketts. Originally built as a hunting lodge, it was also a tavern and post office, and served as part of a hotel for much of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>After 1903 the house served as the Ricketts familys summer home; they kept it even as they sold over 65,000 acre to the state of Pennsylvania from 1920 to 1950. The house was included in the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1983. A group of investors bought the lake, surrounding land, and house in 1957 and developed them privately for housing and recreation. The house became the Ganoga Lake Associations clubhouse, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The original mansion is an L-shaped structure, two-and-a-half stories high, with stone walls 2 ft thick. It was built in a clearing surrounded by old-growth forest with a view to the lake 900 ft to the east. In 1913 a -story wing was added to the north side of the house and the original structure was renovated. The house has seven rooms, four porches, and its original hardware and woodwork. Dormers and some windows were added in the renovation, and electrical wiring and modern plumbing have been added since. According to the NRHP nomination form, the Clemuel Ricketts Mansion "is a stunning example of Georgian vernacular architecture".</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Clemuel Ricketts Mansion is on the southwest shore of Ganoga Lake in Colley Township in the southeastern part of Sullivan County. The mansion and lake are on a part of the Allegheny Plateau known as North Mountain; the plateau formed about 300 to 250 million years ago in the Alleghenian orogeny. Rocks—gray sandstone with conglomerates and some siltstone—of the Mississippian Pocono Formation more than 340 million years old, underlie the house and lake. The lake is in a shallow valley, 13 ft deep, which is impounded by glacial till up to 30 ft thick at the southeast end, where Kitchen Creek exits.</p><br>
<p>The earliest recorded inhabitants of the region were the Susquehannocks, who left or died out by 1675. The land then came under the control of the Iroquois, who sold it to the British in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. The land on which the house was later built was first part of Northumberland County, then became part of Lycoming County in 1795. The Susquehanna and Tioga Turnpike, which followed the lake&#39;s western shore, was built between 1822 and 1827; it connected the Pennsylvania communities of Berwick in the south and Towanda in the north. The lake was then known as Long Pond, and the Long Pond Tavern, just north of where the house was later built, was a lunch stop for the stagecoach on the turnpike. Sullivan County was formed from Lycoming County in 1847, and two years later Colley Township was formed from Cherry Township.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Lodge and tavern</h3><br>
<p>Brothers Clemuel Ricketts (1794–1858) and Elijah G. Ricketts (1803–1877) were frustrated at having to spend the night on a hotels parlor floor while on a hunting trip on Loyalsock Creek north of Ganoga Lake in 1850, and wanted their own hunting preserve. They bought the lake, Long Pond Tavern, and 5,000 acre of surrounding land in the early 1850s and soon began building a stone house between the turnpike and the lake shore to replace the log tavern. According to William Reynolds Ricketts HABS history of the house,</p><br>
<p>According to Ricketts family tradition, Gad Seward built the mansion. While it was originally known as "Ricketts Folly" for its isolated location in the wilderness, the official name was the Stone House. The house served as the brothers&#39; lodge and as a tavern for travelers on the turnpike. Clemuel was named postmaster of a new post office at the lake on October 3, 1853, and received a tavern license from Sullivan County on August 7, 1854. When Clemuel died in 1858, Elijah bought his share of the house and land. The post office closed April 12, 1860.</p><br>
<p>Elijahs son Robert Bruce Ricketts (1839–1918), for whom the nearby Ricketts Glen State Park is named, joined the Union Army as a private at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, and rose through the ranks to become a colonel in the artillery. After the war, R. B. Ricketts returned to Pennsylvania and purchased the stone house, lake, and some of the land around it from his father on September 25, 1869, for $3,969.81 (approximately $ in ); eventually he controlled or owned more than 80,000 acre, including the lake and the parks glens and waterfalls.</p><br>
<p>From 1872 to 1875 Ricketts and his partners operated a sawmill 0.5 mi southeast of his house. In 1872 Ricketts used lumber from the mill to build a three-story wooden addition about 100 ft north of the stone house, with a verandah connecting the two. The addition cost $45,000 (approximately $ in ), and was known as the Ark for its resemblance to Noah&#39;s Ark. That same year Ricketts put new white birch floors in the stone house, which are still there as of 2008.</p><br>
<h3>Hotel</h3><br>
<p>The Ark and stone house together formed the North Mountain House hotel, which opened in 1873, and was managed by Ricketts brother Frank until 1898. Many of the guests, who came from Wilkes-Barre, Philadelphia, New York City, and other places, were Ricketts friends and relations. The hotel was open year-round; in summer, guests frequently arrived after school let out in June and stayed until school resumed in September. In 1876 and 1877, Ricketts ran the first summer school in the United States at his house and hotel; one of the teachers was Joseph Rothrock, later known as the "Father of Forestry" in Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>By 1874 Ricketts had renamed Long Pond as Highland Lake, and by 1875 had named the highest waterfall on Kitchen Creek as Ganoga Falls. That year the North Mountain House hotel was featured in John B. Bachelder&#39;s travel guide Popular resorts, and how to reach them, which praised its location in a virgin forest, the lake and nearby waterfalls, and opportunities for hunting, fishing, and hiking. In 1881, Ricketts renamed Highland Lake as Ganoga Lake. Pennsylvania senator Charles R. Buckalew suggested the name Ganoga, an Iroquoian word which he said meant "water on the mountain" in the Seneca language.</p><br>
<p>The house and hotel were on the east side of the old turnpike; a 100 acre field on the other side of the road had a small herd of milk cows and a vegetable garden to provide for the guests&#39; needs. The field also had a rifle range and a nine-hole golf course. Guests could enjoy tennis and croquet, and a lawn stretched from the house east to the lake, which offered boating and bathing. There was an outlook point 0.5 mi southwest of the house, and Ricketts built a 40 ft observation tower at the highest point on North Mountain, 3.5 mi south. After the first tower collapsed, he built a 100 ft replacement, and named the site Grand View.</p><br>
<p>Ricketts was a lumberman who made his fortune clearcutting nearly all his land, but no logging was allowed within 0.5 mi of the lake, and the glens and their waterfalls in the state park were "saved from the lumberman&#39;s axe through the foresight of the Ricketts family". One hemlock tree cut near the lake to clear land for a building in 1893 was 6 ft in diameter and 532 years old. The North Mountain House hotel was threatened by a forest fire in 1900; the subsequent loss of much of the surrounding old-growth forest led to decreased numbers of hotel guests. Changing tastes may have also played a role in the decline in popularity; the hotel had over 150 guests in August 1878, but only about 70 guests in August 1894.</p><br>
<p>In 1903 another large fire on North Mountain threatened the sawmill in the lumber town of Ricketts northeast of the lake. Beginning in 1893, a 3.85 mi branch line of the Lehigh Valley Railroad ran from Ricketts to a log station at the north end of the lake; a boardwalk and coach service brought guests from the station to the hotel. There was daily passenger service to Wilkes-Barre and Towanda, and the line also served freight trains hauling ice from the lake for use in refrigeration from 1895.</p><br>
<p>The North Mountain House was long known for its rustic charms; it was heated with open fireplaces, decorated with animal skins and hatracks made of antlers, and had two live black bears on chains in the field across the road from the house. In 1895 and 1900 the stone house was refurbished, and telephone service, acetylene lighting, and steam heat were added. In 1900 The Sullivan Review newspaper recalled its former state and wrote of the changes: "We hardly call that an improvement.... When the North Mountain House is lighted by gas, heated by a modern furnace, etc., its great charm is gone."</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The wooden addition to the stone house was torn down in either 1897 or 1903, and the land became a garden. The hotel closed in November 1903, and passenger train service ended at that time. The sawmills at Ricketts closed when the timber was exhausted in 1913, and the ice company closed in 1915. As part of Ricketts&#39; will, the stone house and its outbuildings were valued at $12,000 in 1918 (approximately $ in ).</p><br>
<p>R. B. Ricketts and his wife had three children; their son William Reynolds Ricketts (1869–1956) lived in the house after his parents deaths. Beginning in 1920, the Ricketts heirs began selling land to the state of Pennsylvania, but still owned over 12,000 acre surrounding the house, Ganoga Lake, and the glens with their waterfalls. The stone house was included in the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1936 as the William R. Ricketts House. Atherton, the architect for the 1913 addition, helped prepare the HABS architectural drawings, which gave the houses name as "Ganoga". William Reynolds Ricketts&#39; history for the HABS refers to it as the stone house.</p><br>
<p>In 1942 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania began buying the glens and their waterfalls from the heirs for $82,000 (approximately $ in ) William Reynolds Ricketts died in 1956 and the lake and surrounding land were sold in October 1957 for $109,000 (approximately $ in ). it serves as the association&#39;s headquarters and clubhouse, and is used for association meetings, weddings, and picnics. As part of a private development, the house and lake are not open to the public: "To all outsiders that have no property around the lake, the lake and grounds are off limits."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Clemuel Ricketts, the architect of the stone house, was very interested in architecture from the colonial period and had traveled widely. In the 1840s he published a book which examined the British and European sources of colonial architecture in the United States. Clemuel designed the house in the colonial or Georgian style in the early 1850s; construction began in either 1851 or 1854 and finished the next year.</p><br>
<p>The Clemuel Ricketts Mansion lies 900 ft west of Ganoga Lake, on what the HABS map described as a 2.2 acre "clearing completely surrounded by primeval forest", with a view to the lake. The house was originally on the east side of the turnpike and faced it, but when what became Pennsylvania Route 487 was built in 1907, the course of the highway was changed so that it now runs on the other (east) side of the lake. Since then, the house is on a private road 1.5 mi from the highway.</p><br>
<p>The original house built in the 1850s is L-shaped. According to the architectural drawings made for the HABS, the bottom of the L is 60 ft north–south by 35 ft east–west. In 1935 the ground floor of this part of the house included the main door and entrance hall, living room, parlor, library, and stairs. The main entrance is on the west side, which has a porch 60 ft wide by 12 ft deep, supported by pairs of square pillars with stairs on the north, south, and west sides. The top of the L is 24 ft north–south by 40 ft east–west, and in 1935 the ground floor of the top of the L had the dining room, gun room, "brush up room", toilet, stairs, and a passage to the 1913 addition. The inside corner of the L has a two-story covered porch along the south side, and an open terrace on the east side&#39;s ground floor. In 1935 the second story of the original house had four bedrooms and a bathroom in the lower part of the L and two bedrooms and a bath in the upper part, as well as two staircases and hallways.</p><br>
<p>The mansion&#39;s stone walls are 2 ft thick; the individual building stones are "field sandstone about 17 inches square, of various thicknesses" (17 inches is 43 cm). There is a basement below the original house. The lower part of the L is five bays by two bays; the original double-hung sash windows in each bay of the 1850s house have six panes of glass per sash. All the original windows have shutters, these are paneled on the first floor and louvered on the second. The main door is in the Federal style with a large fanlight above the door and sidelights on either side. The attic in the 1850s part of the house is not finished, and the gable roof has "boxed cornices with returns".</p><br>
<p>In 1897 or 1903 a formal garden was added north of the stone house, on the site of the razed wooden structure where most of the hotel guests had stayed. In 1913 a two-and-half story wing was added on the north side of the original house, which was renovated; Thomas Henry Atherton was the architect. The new wing is 48 ft north–south and 20 ft east–west, with a large enclosed one-story porch on the north and east sides. In 1935 the addition had the kitchen, pantry, storage and refrigeration rooms, and a "maid&#39;s dining room" on the first floor, two bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor, and two servant rooms and a bath in the finished attic.</p><br>
<p>The new wing has six dormers (three on a side), and six dormers were added to the old house in the 1913 renovation (four on the east side, two on the west). The windows on the first floor of the new wing matched the old windows, but the windows in the second story of the addition have twelve panes in the upper sash and eight in the lower. As part of the renovation work, four new windows were placed in the 1850s house: two just west of the new wing, and two on the east wall of the lower part of the L. A small porch was added in the corner where the west wall of the new wing meets the north wall of the old house, and all the old porches were restored. In the original house two chimneys were restored and two replaced, and new fireplaces were installed in the living room, library, and dining room. The house has a total of 28 rooms.</p><br>
<p>The NRHP nomination form lists two other structures on the property: a utility building made of brick and covered in stucco east of the house, and a large barn to the southwest. Since the houses 1913 renovation, the only changes have been the installation of electrical wiring and modernization of the plumbing. The original hardware and woodwork are still present inside the house. According to the NRHP nomination form, the Clemuel Ricketts Mansion "is a stunning example of Georgian vernacular architecture" which "represents the manifestations of one mans architectural dream preserved within the wilderness for over a century".</p><br>
<p>The Jayne Estate Building, which was located near the Delaware River waterfront in Old City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was built in 1870 to house eight stores that were operated by the estate of Dr. David Jayne , who became a millionaire by selling patent medicine.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987., but was demolished during the 1980s and then delisted by the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>The architect of this historic structure was John McArthur Jr. who is best known as the designer of Philadelphia&#39;s City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Plans fell through that year to develop the four-story warehouse into a hotel and the property was sold at auction. The building was torn down soon afterward; the property is now the location of 1 Water St, a seventeen-story apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The Jayne Estate Building was the last example of the 19th-century commercial character of North Delaware Avenue (now, Columbus Boulevard), other such structures having been demolished due to the construction of Interstate 95 and other development.</p><br>
<p>The building was delisted by the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Fort Jefferson was a fortification erected by soldiers of the United States Army in October 1791 during the Northwest Indian War. Built to support a military campaign, it saw several years of active fighting. Today, the fort site is a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>Located in present-day Darke County in far western Ohio, the fort was built under the direction of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791 as an advance post for his campaign from Fort Washington against local Native Americans. A square of approximately 100 ft on each side, the fort was built of wood and intended primarily as a supply depot; accordingly, it was originally named "Fort Deposit." Before St. Clair&#39;s army departed the fort, a court-martial was conducted for an unknown crime; the three soldiers who were convicted and hanged became the first whites to be executed in present-day Darke County.</p><br>
<p>One month later, after St. Clair&#39;s army was badly defeated in battle near modern-day Fort Recovery to the north, the scattered remnants of his force reconstituted at Fort Jefferson. Because it was not intended to house many soldiers, and because few supplies were actually stored at the fort, St. Clair found the fort insufficiently large for his men; consequently, he took most of his surviving soldiers and returned to Fort Washington, leaving only a small garrison to guard his many wounded. It is believed that the garrison was under the command of Captain Joseph Shaylor.</p><br>
<h2>Siege of Fort Jefferson</h2><br>
<p>The defeat of the American army in late 1791 left Fort Jefferson deep in enemy territory. Determined to drive the American soldiers back to the Ohio River, a Native American force (possibly under the command of Simon Girty) raided the fort in the early Summer 1792. This raid began on 25 June 1792, with an attack of one hundred warriors against a party gathering hay for the forts supplies, and left sixteen soldiers dead or missing. It is possible that another raid was conducted a short while later with the intention of capturing or killing Captain Shaylor. Local histories suggest the attackers exploited Shaylors love of hunting by imitating wild turkey calls to lure Shaylor and his son into the woods. Captain Shaylor escaped the ensuing pursuit, but his son was killed.</p><br>
<p>The fort came under siege intermittently for three years, as continued Native American attacks were made to neutralize the outpost.</p><br>
<h2>Wayne&#39;s campaign</h2><br>
<p>As the United States Army prepared to return to the offensive in the western Ohio country, Fort Jefferson became more than an isolated location outside of the control of the hostile Miamis: projections were created of using the fort as a base for the protection of local settlers and for raids on nearby Native Americans. When Anthony Wayne and his Legion of the United States, fresh from Legionville, began their expedition to avenge St. Clair in the fall of 1793, they erected a new supply fort at the site of Greenville, 5 mi north of Fort Jefferson. Nevertheless, they relied heavily on the supplies of Fort Jefferson in their campaign during the following year.</p><br>
<h2>After the war</h2><br>
<p>After the end of the war, white settlers began to take up residence in the vicinity of the abandoned fort. A blockhouse was built by one nearby resident in 1810; by 1820, more settlers had built houses, a mill, and a school near the fort site. The settlement developed into Fort Jefferson, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>In the fall of 1907, the Greenville Historical Society dedicated a memorial on the site of the fort. Fort Jefferson was further recognized in 1970 when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The area designated as historic encompasses approximately 6.5 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Ellis Mounds are a complex of Native American mounds near Marysville in Union County, Ohio, United States. These three mounds form an east-west line on a small ridgeline in a farm field. Believed to have been built by Hopewellian peoples, the mounds are important because they may reveal information about daily life in the Hopewell culture. Archaeologists who study the Hopewell have generally concentrated on their largest ceremonial centers: as a result, while the mortuary customs of the Hopewell are well known, other aspects of their culture are little understood. For this reason, a site such as Ellis that bears the potential of yielding information about such aspects is valuable indeed, especially because its date has not yet been established: Ellis may have been built as early as 300 BC and as late as AD 600. Furthermore, the location of the mounds outside of the Hopewellian heartland farther south may demonstrate the spread of Hopewell influence, since excavations in numerous locations have demonstrated the necessity of assembling a complex society with many workers in order to construct the ceremonial mounds for which the Hopewell are well known.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, the archaeological significance of the Ellis Mounds was recognized when they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They are one of seven National Register sites in Union County and the only one in the countys northern regions: three of the other six are within Marysvilles city limits; the other three are south and west of Marysville.</p><br>
<p>The Dodge Site is an archaeological site in the northwestern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located north of Bowling Green in Wood County, the site was inhabited by Middle Woodland and Upper Mississippian peoples. Among the artifacts discovered at the site are ceramics and stone tools. The site&#39;s stratigraphy is obvious: the Middle Woodland village site and cemetery can easily be distinguished from the Upper Mississippian occupation zone that sits on top of it. While only a small portion of the 2.2 acre  site has been excavated, the artifacts that have been discovered at Dodge have contributed significantly to an understanding of the western basin of Lake Erie around AD 1300. Enough material has been recovered to facilitate radiometric dating, as well as identifying the peoples who once inhabited the site. The excavations also revealed the intensity of occupation: the Middle Woodland layer was substantially larger than the exceptionally thin Upper Mississippian component.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the National Park Service recognized the Dodge Site&#39;s archaeological value by listing it on the National Register of Historic Places. Five years later, owners Henry Dodge and his wife donated the site to The Archaeological Conservancy in the interests of preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Todd Historic District is a 19 acre national historic district located at Todd, Ashe County, North Carolina. It encompasses 24 contributing buildings and one other contributing site in the rural community of Todd. It includes commercial and residential structures, a church, and a hotel. Located in the district is the Todd General Store.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Johnsonburg Commercial Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Johnsonburg in Elk County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This historic district includes thirty-two contributing buildings and one contributing object, and encompasses the historic central business district and includes a majority of brick structures most of which were built between the 1890s and 1930s. The most notable structure is the Anderson Brick Block, known locally as "the Brick Block" or "the Block." It was built during the 1890s and is a twelve-storefront brick structure behind a cantilevered sandstone arcade on the first story and a series of apartments above.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Ridgway Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Ridgway in Elk County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>This district includes 726 contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and two contributing objects, and encompasses the historic central business district and surrounding residential neighborhoods. The architecture varies from modest vernacular residences and commercial buildings to spacious and highly detailed homes and business blocks, and a diverse collection of government buildings, churches, and schools.</p><br>
<p>Located within the district is the Elk County Courthouse and its attached jail.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Harra Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge in Washington County, Ohio, United States. Located in western Watertown Township, about 2 mi north of the community of Watertown, the bridge spans the South Branch of Wolf Creek near the intersection of State Route 339 and Township Road 172. Among the bridge&#39;s more distinctive features are its cut stone abutments, its metal roof, and the vertical siding. Although it has been open for well over one hundred years, it remains in strong structural condition, and it served daily traffic into the late twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>A single-span structure completed in 1875, the bridge was constructed under the leadership of Marietta bridge builder William Meredith. One of his primary employees was stonemason Billy Gamble, who used locally quarried stone to construct the abutments. The source for this stone was the farm of James Harrah, whose name (minus its final letter) was given to the bridge. The plan for the bridge used the Long truss design; fewer than ten historic Long truss bridges remain in Ohio today. In 1976, the Harra Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its importance in the history of Ohio.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Historic District is a national historic district located at St. Marys in Elk County, Pennsylvania. It includes 399 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, one contributing structure, and five contributing objects. It encompasses the historic central business district, adjacent residential district, and St. Josephs Convent. Also located in the district are several historic churches. The oldest building in the district is a stone structure built about 1845. The earliest section is oriented around the "Diamond." Located within the district is the separately listed John E. Weidenboerner House. Also located in the district are two buildings designed by architect William P. Ginther; the Sacred Heart Church  and the addition to St. Josephs Convent .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Shelby House is a historic building in Botkins, Ohio, United States. Built in 1864, it was constructed by local businessman Philip Sheets as a hotel for railroad passengers originating from or destined for northern Shelby County and southern Auglaize County. By the early twentieth century, railroad traffic had declined with the advent of the automobile, and the house was converted into an apartment building. It remained in operation until abandonment in the 1940s; for periods of time, it housed businesses or was used as a storage building, but it never reopened as a hotel or apartment building. Eventually, the house was purchased by the Botkins Historical Society, which converted it into a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Shelby House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978; at this time, it was seen as significant both for its architecture and for its contribution to broad patterns of American history.</p><br>
<p>Ladd&#39;s Castle, also known as Candor Hall, is a historic house located at 1337 Lafayette Avenue in the Colonial Manor section of West Deptford Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 31, 1972, for its significance in architecture and urban planning.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed, by John Ladd, a surveyor who purportedly helped William Penn in planning the organization of Philadelphia. The two-story patterned brick house features Flemish bond with glazed headers. According the nomination form, it is the oldest brick house in the county. The house was renovated 1947–1948.</p><br>
<p>Hilo Masonic Lodge Hall, also known as the Bishop Trust Building, is a historic structure in Hilo, Hawaii constructed between 1908 and 1910. It was designed to house commercial space on the ground floor and a meeting hall for a local Masonic lodge on the second floor. The Masons stayed until around 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Masonic Lodge in Hilo was founded in 1896 at the home of William W. Goodale. On October 15, 1897 Kilauea Lodge #330 was officially chartered.</p><br>
<p>Named for the nearby active Kīlauea volcano, it was the first Masonic lodge on Hawaii Island.</p><br>
<p>John Troup Moir (1859–1933) manager of the Onomea sugarcane plantation in Papaikou, Hawaii, was master of the lodge. He was also the first chairman of the board of supervisors for the County of Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>A delegation from the Grand Lodge of California officially presented Kīlauea lodge with its charter in February 1898.</p><br>
<p>The lodge met in a room of a building owned by Frederick S. Lyman, son of early Hilo missionaries Sarah Joiner and David Belden Lyman. The Lyman building was on leased land, so an association (with Moir as president) was formed to purchase a lot uphill from the town, assuming urban Hilo would grow in that direction.</p><br>
<p>The association raised most of what they thought a building would cost by October 1900.</p><br>
<p>When a federal building was being planned in Hilo around the same time, the lodge proposed swapping their land for a corner of the federal lot, but public protests prevented the deal at first.</p><br>
<p>By January 1906 they were successful in arranging a deal with Territorial Governor George R. Carter to swap their land (desired for a school) for a more central parcel, paying the difference in value.</p><br>
<p>Based on a sketch by freemason William McKay (1841–1909), architects were interviewed in Honolulu and the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Henry F. Starbuck of Oakland, California was selected to design the building. He was a freemason and had designed several other lodges and churches. Harold Vaughan Patten was given as "architect" in one account, but he probably served to supervise the financial aspects of the project since he was an accountant.</p><br>
<p>Plans were ready to be finalized at the end of March 1906. Construction was scheduled to begin in July when leases expired on the land which they were purchasing from the territory.</p><br>
<p>The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck less than a month later, before construction could begin. Rebuilding of San Francisco after the resulting fire caused building materials to become scarce and more expensive, causing delays and cost over-runs on the Hilo project. Finally ground was broken in May 1908. In June Starbuck traveled to Hilo to oversee construction with workers he had selected. After a few months Starbuck and the workers were dismissed; Fred Harrison from Honolulu became construction contractor. The cornerstone was laid February 18, 1909.</p><br>
<p>The dedication ceremony was held on February 24, 1910. Construction cost ended up being double what had been planned.</p><br>
<p>At the ceremony Moir said "nothing but the best would satisfy the boys" and called it "a substantial, fireproof, earthquakeproof, up-to-date building, first class in every respect, a credit to the town of Hilo and the Territory of Hawaii."</p><br>
<p>It was completed about the same time as the Volcano Block Building and S. Hata Buildings within a few blocks in downtown Hilo. Just to the south, Kalakaua Park serves as the town square, flanked by the historic District Courthouse and Police Station and Hilo Federal Building finished a few years later.</p><br>
<p>The 28,000 ft2 building was built of reinforced concrete in the Renaissance Revival style. It had three floors and a full basement. From the lobby, an elaborate granite stairway with an ornate oak balustrade leads to the second and third floors. The roof formerly held a garden.</p><br>
<p>The second floor consisted of a foyer, a ceremonial temple room of about 35 ft by 55 ft, and a banquet room about the same size. The temple included high ceilings with cast brass suspended lighting fixtures and an organ gallery.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic order used the second and third floors as a temple until about 1985, when they were forced out: the Masonic order&#39;s rules did not allow them to share occupancy with a liquor establishment, but a liquor license was issued to the ground floor tenant.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>The building was purchased by Toyama Hawaii, Inc. in 1992. It was added to the state registry of historic places on June 28, 1993 as site 10-35-7508, and added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii on April 21, 1994 as site 94000383.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s ground floor has had various tenants. Bishop Bank (now First Hawaiian Bank) used the ground floor before moving to their own building.</p><br>
<p>A 1990s restoration effort rebuilt modern restrooms and added an elevator, using some original and salvaged materials.</p><br>
<p>Howard and Mary Ann Rogers (as the Kaikodo Building, LLC) bought the building in 2001 and opened the Kaikodo restaurant in the ground floor in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Their plans were to open an Asian art gallery on the second floor after a further remodel. The Rogers were former art researchers who had previously opened a gallery in New York City.</p><br>
<p>After a struggle to be profitable, it was closed for four months and reorganized in 2005. Kaikodo closed in August 2007 and the building was put up for sale.</p><br>
<p>A restaurant on the first floor was re-opened in 2009 as "Uncle Don&#39;s Ohana Grill" but closed less than a year later.</p><br>
<p>The building is located on the northwest corner of Keawe (originally known as Bridge Street) and Waianuenue Streets in Hilo, Hawaii, (address 60 Keawe Street).</p><br>
<p>The Kilauea lodge is one of two on the island in 2023, as it was in 2010; the other in 2023 is the Kona Lodge F. & A.M., at Kailua Kona, Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>The Sun Oil Building is a historic building in the Center City area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 19-story Art Deco high-rise stands 70 m tall. It served as the headquarters of the Sun Oil Company from its erection in 1928 until Sun relocated in 1971.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on February 2, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Applewood Farm is a farmstead in Ledyard, Connecticut, United States. Constructed in 1826 by Russel Gallup, the farmhouse was built with a colonial center chimney design with Federal style details that has been modernized to the early 20th century without significantly changing the floor plan. Named after the apple orchards planted by Russel Gallup, Applewood Farm developed significantly under the ownership of Everett Gallup, the last member of the family to own the property. The property was later owned by Arlene Meyer Cohen and a 40-acre parcel was sold off in November 1984. After the Betz family became the owners it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and operated as a bed and breakfast through the 1990s. In 1987, the property included five contributory structures, the farmhouse, corn crib, barn, silo and chicken coop. The property also has one non-contributing structure, a machinery shed from the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse was built by Russel Gallup in 1826 before the incorporation of the town of Ledyard in 1836. A 40-acre parcel of the original property was sold to Sarter in November 1984. In 2005, the property was sold from Applewoods Estates LLC</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Built around 1826 by Russel Gallup, the two-and-a-half-story Applewood Farm&#39;s farmhouse design harkens back to the earlier colonial center chimney design with Federal style details.</p><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places nomination form states that the house&#39;s construction may have been influenced by an earlier house built on the opposite side of Colonel Ledyard Highway, but there is no evidence for that design, but notes that it was a retardetaire example. The farmhouse is 36 ft feet long and 28 ft. Around 1842 a 20 ft by 16 ft one-and-a-half-story wing was added to the east side. The rear ell, a one-and-half-story structure measuring 20 ft by 14 ft, connects to a 60 ft by 15 ft shed. The house and its additions are all topped with gable roofs and were using wooden shingles at the time of its historic nomination in 1987. The farmhouse has six fireplaces, with those on the first floor are made of cut granite blocks also with granite hearthstones and the second floor are made of brick with granite lintels with brick hearths. The house has had modernization throughout the years, including modernizing the kitchen and bathrooms that has not significantly altered the floor plan. The hardware in the house was modernized and updated over the years, but had reproduction colonial hardware and early 20th-century hardware at the time of its nomination. Some changes, like the installation of a new door in 1986 were done specifically to meet fire code regulations.</p><br>
<p>Contributing to the property is a 12 ft by 15 ft corn crib that has been previously rebuilt and dated to around the 19th century at the time of its nomination. The barn, a post-and-beam construction, is 32 ft long and 20 ft with large double doors on the east and west sides. The rafters were made with a single planed side and the "rest is left round". Attached to the barn is an early 20th century dairy shed measuring 43 ft long by 20 ft wide. Other contributing assets include a 31 ft in circumference silo and a 20 ft by 45 ft, both likely built in the early 20th century. A machinery shed dating to the 1960s was specifically listed a non-contributory asset. In 1987, the listed property had 3.6 acre out of the original 144 acre farm.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>Applewood Farm has served as a farm for over a century, with an 1850 census reporting it produced butter, cheese, rye, Indian corn, oats, wool, Irish potatoes and hay. Three apple orchards planted by Russell Gallup would become an important part of Applewood Farms and owe its name to those orchards. After Everett Gallup took over the farm in the 1920s, the farm produced fresh fruits and vegetables and poultry, eggs and dairy products. In 1994, the Applewood Farm reported having 700 trees tapped for maple syrup production and showed visitors the process of producing the syrup. Applewood Farms was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 under criteria A for the Gallup family history that played an important role in the local history and under criteria C as an architecturally important example of a late colonial center chimney house.</p><br>
<p>The Ashland Mill Bridge was a lenticular pony truss bridge over the Pachaug River in Griswold, Connecticut that was built in 1886 by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company. It was built following the Ashland dam break of February 1886 which washed away the previous bridges. The bridge served the millyard of the Ashland Cotton Company, in the Jewett City section of Griswold. The bridge was 65 ft long and crossed a millrace on a skew angle. The Ashland Mill was damaged by arson in March 1995 and subsequently torn down, but the bridge itself remained. By 1999, the town deemed the bridge unsafe and closed it, and by February 1999, the bridge was moved to a vacant parking lot and was replaced with a new bridge. The bridge was added to the state of Connecticut historic register and it was later added to the National Register of Historic Places in April 1999. It was removed from the National Register in February 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Heavy rains in February 1886 caused the Ashland dam to break and the resulting flood damaged the Ashland Cotton Companys buildings and washed away the previous bridges at the site. The Berlin Iron Bridge Company was contracted to build a total of three bridges in the area, the Ashland Mill Bridge, another larger lenticular truss for Ashland Street and another 33 ft bridge for the Slater mill which was located further downstream. Clouette and Tinh note that the mill owners may have been influenced in their decision by the Berlin Iron Bridge Companys bridges that were already in place in the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>The Ashland Mill Bridge was a single-span lenticular pony truss bridge. Completed in 1886, it was a roadway from Ashland Street to the millyard. The bridge was made of four 16 ft long panels, totaling 65 ft in length. The roadway was 10 ft wide. The bridges wrought-iron truss was 6.5 ft deep and it crossed the river at a 28° angle. All but the trusss joints were pinned except for the endposts lower-chord nut connections; as was distinctive of the Berlin Iron Bridge Companys bridges. The plate-girder floor beams supported wooden stringers and floored with planks across the width of the bridge. The bridge&#39;s railing were made of two 5/8-inch (1.5875 cm) rods bolted to the inside of the trusses. A 1905 postcard depicts the bridge being painted red, but the paint was nearly absent by 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Fate</h2><br>
<p>In March 1995, the manufacturing buildings were damaged by arson and were subsequently demolished. The site became a town park and the bridge was anticipated to be rehabilitated and serve as a pedestrian bridge in the park. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1999 for being a historically significant example of late 19th-century bridge fabrication and as a surviving example of a bridge built by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company without significant modification or deterioration. It was also locally significant as a remaining artefact of the Ashland Cotton Company, formerly a major employer in the city.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the town closed the bridge as it was deemed unsafe and badly deteriorated. The bridge was also on the state of Connecticut&#39;s historic register list.</p><br>
<p>Ashland Covered Bridge, also known as Ashland Bridge or Barley Mill Road Covered Bridge, is a covered bridge over Red Clay Creek on Barley Mill Road  in Ashland in New Castle County, Delaware. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Style</h2><br>
<p>It is a Town lattice truss bridge following a design of Ithiel Town, It is believed to be about 12 ft long and adjoins the Ashland Nature Center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1965, when it was documented in the Historic American Engineering Record survey, it was one of the last three surviving covered bridges in the state of Delaware.</p><br>
<p>The bridge has been closed for repairs several times in the 2010s. In 2014 and 2011, oversized trucks caused damage to the bridge after ignoring signage and attempting to cross, and in 2017 a snow plow crash caused additional damage. In 2021, it was closed for temporary repairs after debris and high creek levels due to Hurricane Ida caused damage to the covered portion of the span.</p><br>
<p>The Chateau Crillon Apartment House, also known as the Cohen Apartment House and the Rittenhouse 222 Apartments, is a historic high-rise building in the fashionable Rittenhouse Square section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>The 27-story building was designed by architect Horace Trumbauer in the Lombardic Romanesque style and completed in 1928. The style was perhaps suggested by the newly built Shelton Hotel in New York City, designed by A. L. Harmon. There are setbacks on the 17th and 24th floors. The developer was Louis H. Cahan, who also built the Locust Street Theater building at Broad & Locust Sts., The Mitten Building (now The Philadelphia Building) at Juniper and Walnut Sts., and The Mayfair House in the Germantown section of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, and on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1982, and on February 8, 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Elisha Blackman Building, also known as the York-Chapel Building, is a historic mixed commercial-residential building at 176 York Street in the Downtown New Haven neighborhood of New Haven, Connecticut. Built in 1883, it is a finely crafted example of 19th-century commercial architecture, and is one of the few such buildings to survive in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elisha Blackman Building is located at the southwest corner of York and Chapel Streets in downtown New Haven. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of red brick with stone trim. The building is trapezoidal rather than rectangular, due to the shape of the lot it occupies. The ground floor has one storefront and the main building entrance on the York Street facade, and three on that facing Chapel Street. The Chapel Street storefronts are separated by stone columns, while the York Street storefront has brick pilasters separating the storefront, building entrance, and the bays occupied by the corner store. The upper floors have most windows set in rectangular openings; there are projecting polygonal window bays on both facades. It has a metal clad cornice.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1883, on land that had previously been occupied by three houses. Its designer is unknown, but the craftsmanship and material quality is high. The building was an investment by Elisha Blackman, a carriage maker. In the 1920s, the second floor was adapted for professional offices instead of apartments, and the building facade was pushed out to the sidewalk, supported by lally columns and steel supports. There was a fire in the building in 1977 and the building was vacated.</p><br>
<p>The Chapel Street Historic District is a 23 acre historic district in the Downtown New Haven area of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The district covers the southwestern corner of Downtown New Haven, including properties from Park Street to Temple Street between Chapel and Crown streets, and properties from High Street to Temple Street between George and Crown streets. It is bordered on the north by the New Haven Green and the Yale University campus. The western edge borders the Dwight Street Historic District. The eastern and southern edges of the district abut areas of more modern development.</p><br>
<p>In 1984 the district included, over a 5 and a half block area, 102 buildings, of which 76 were contributing buildings. The predominantly brick structures represent a wide range of architectural styles. Maps show that the area was residential in the eighteenth century and through the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Commercial development began to take over at that time, though residential properties remained well represented. The oldest building in the district is the Ira Atwater House, built in 1817. Most of the buildings now in the district were built in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, having replaced earlier residential and commercial development. One of the oldest surviving commercial buildings in the city is a c. 1831 building on Church Street. There are three church buildings in the district, including the former Calvary Church Baptist Church (1871) which now house the Yale Repertory Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The John Cook House is a historic house at 35 Elm Street in New Haven, Connecticut. Built about 1807, it is one of the city&#39;s oldest surviving stone buildings, further notable for a parade of locally or statewide prominent residents. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Cook House is located two blocks east of the New Haven Green in downtown New Haven, on the north side of Elm Street between Orange and State Streets. It is stories in height, built out of ashlar cut red sandstone that is stuccoed except for the corner quoining blocks, and covered by a gabled roof. The roof face of the roof is pierced by three low hip-roof dormers. Windows are rectangular sash, arranged symmetrically around a center entrance in openings with stone sills and lintels. The entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a projecting portico with Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>John Cook, a local tailor and merchant, purchased land for the house in 1805 and 1806, and built it soon afterward. It is one of the oldest stone buildings in New Haven; Timothy Dwight reported in 1800 that the city had none. Cook sold the house in 1814 to Captain James Goodrich, a privateer in the War of 1812. Goodrich had the building&#39;s third floor ballroom built; this work is attributed to a locally prominent master builder, David Hoadley. Hoadley was later prominent in business, running the railroad that supplanted the Farmington Canal. In 1858 the house was purchased by Charles Atwater, another prominent businessman and politician who served in the state legislature and was a candidate for Governor of Connecticut. Its next owner, Dr. Charles Lindsley, was a leading figure in the development of public health in the city and state, whose Department of Health he founded. From 1919 to 1967, the house was owned by the local Visiting Nurse Association.</p><br>
<h2>Current Use</h2><br>
<p>35 Elm Street is currently used as a professional office space and is now marked as "The Atwater" building, referencing Charles Atwater a state senator and railroad businessman who owned the property from 1859 to 1877. In recent years the interior space of the building appears to have been partially renovated.</p><br>
<p>Newark City Hall is located at Government Center in Newark in Essex County, New Jersey. The building was built in 1902 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building is a five-story Beaux Arts style building with a golden dome; built at a cost of $2.6 million. The interior of the building features carved marble, a grand central staircase, stained-glass skylights, decorative plaster and wrought-iron works. Developer Harry Grant paid to have the dome covered in 24 carat gold in 1986. The building was renovated in 2006 at a cost of $18 Million.</p><br>
<p>Riverbank Park is a park in the Ironbound section of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The park was opened in 1910 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1998. It is the smallest and one of the most heavily used parks in the Essex County Park System.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park was designed by the Olmsted Brothers, the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted. The park land was acquired in 1907 and construction finished in 1910. A driving force behind the building of the park was Franklin Murphy (governor) who wanted his workers at the Murphy Varnish Works to have open space.</p><br>
<p>An expansion took place between 1926 and 1931. The baseball fields are on the former location of the Balbach Smelting & Refining Company, one of the largest metal processing companies in the country, which closed in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, there was an attempt to build the Newark Bears, Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium at the site of the park, demolishing the park. SPARK (Save the Park At RiverbanK) is a community group formed to save the park from destruction. After an unsuccessful attempt to save the park via referendum, they were able to protect it through inclusion in the National Historic Register.</p><br>
<p>SPARK&#39;s work also resulted in the remediation of contaminated soil, which was completed in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In August 2011, plans were announced to create Newark Riverfront Park, next door to Riverbank Park along the Passaic River which opened in August 2012. A further extension of parkland along the river was announced in June 2016. Work proceeded in 2017. Eventually it will reach Bridge Street Bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Programming</h2><br>
<p>Currently, SPARK hosts programs in the park including a Learning Program with the New Jersey Historical Society and Greater Newark Conservancy, movie nights and Music and Art Day.</p><br>
<p>Dock Bridge is a pair of vertical lift bridges carrying Amtrak, NJ Transit, and PATH trains across the Passaic River at Newark, Essex County and Harrison, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. It is the seventh crossing from the river&#39;s mouth at Newark Bay and is 5.0 mi upstream from it. Also known as the Amtrak Dock Vertical Lift, it is listed on the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) for its main line. The west span carries three tracks and opened in 1935 along with the west half of Newark Penn Station. The lift span is 230 ft over bearings (clear channel 200 ft), the longest three-track lift span in the world when built. The east spans opened in 1937 when the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M, later called PATH) shifted its rapid transit trains from the Centre Street Bridge to the newly built station. With the opening of the eastern span, the PRR closed Manhattan Transfer station in the Kearny Meadows, where previously steam and electrical trains were changed and passengers could transfer to trains to New York Penn Station on the PRR or to Hudson Terminal on the H&M.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The west span carries three tracks exclusively used by Amtrak and NJ Transit for Northeast Corridor intercity and commuter traffic between Newark and New York City. The east span carries two PATH tracks used by PATH&#39;s Newark-World Trade Center service and one NEC track shared by Amtrak and NJ Transit. Due partly to its use of the Dock Bridge, PATH is legally a commuter railroad under the jurisdiction of the Federal Railroad Administration even though it has long operated as a rapid transit system.</p><br>
<p>The lower 17 mi downstream of the 90 mi long Passaic River below the Dundee Dam is tidally influenced and navigable. It is infrequently lifted and, prior to 2014, had not received a request for a river traffic opening since 2004. During four-year removal of dredged materials from the Passaic the bridge is expected to open upwards of 10 times per day. In 2020 Amtrak requested that bridge remain in closed position until such time as it can be rehabilitated.</p><br>
<p>The Krueger Mansion is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The mansion was built on the corner of Court and High Street  in 1888 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1972. As of 2023, it has been completely restored and elaborately landscaped as part of an artisanal workspace project.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 40 room mansion was built in 1888 by Gottfried Krueger (1837–1926), founder of Newarks Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company and owner of several other breweries. The construction cost at the time was $250,000. The mansion was sold to the Valley of Newark Scottish Rite Freemasons in 1926 for $100,000. A 700-seat auditorium was added to the mansion to accommodate for various meetings. The mansion was purchased in 1958 by Louise Scott for $85,000. Scott operated a beauty school out of the first floor of the mansion while keeping the upper levels as her private residence. The mansion was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Scott died in 1982 and ownership of the mansion passed to the city of Newark. In 1991, the New Jersey Historic Trust funded a bond for $625,812 to stabilize the exterior of the building. The city of Newark matched that amount, and over the years devoted more than $4 million to turning the home into a center focusing on the black contribution to Newarks development. The federal government contributed an additional $1.5 million., but after a decade of work, plans to turn the house into an African-American cultural center were frozen by the city&#39;s Municipal Council, which refused to allocate any more money for the project.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The mansion is a three-and-a-half-story, Late Victorian style building with a five-story circular tower. A wrap around porch, steeply pitched roof, asymmetrical facade and arched front entryway are characteristic of the Queen Anne Style. The building is a balloon frame structure with a brick facade. The interior consists of lath and plaster walls with wallpaper covering and wood molding. The flooring is made of hardwood set into patterns. The pedimented windows are an Italianate influence here.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to artisan housing and workspaces</h2><br>
<p>In late 2020, the city and the company Makerhoods broke ground on refurbishing the mansion into live/work spaces for local experienced "makers" in the food, beauty, craft and other small-scale artisan industries for $1800 a month by application only.</p><br>
<p>As of 2023, the mansion had been almost completely restored and landscaped.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The design of the mansion is featured in the animated series The Venture Bros., as the Fitzcarraldo Mansion.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Clark House is located on Glassboro Road in the township of Deptford, near the borough of Wenonah, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The historic red brick house was built around 1769 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1973, for its significance in architecture and military history.</p><br>
<p>The house was extended in 1801 and restored around 1940. It has features of Georgian and Federal architectures. Benjamin Clark was a farmer and soldier during the American Revolutionary War. He delivered grain to Valley Forge during the winter of 1777–1778.</p><br>
<p>G.G. Green&#39;s Block is located in Woodbury, Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1880 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 25, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Earthquake damage</h2><br>
<p>Following the 2011 Virginia earthquake the vacant building and attached structures, which were also vacant, were ruled structurally unsafe. The sidewalk in front of the building as well as the adjoining streets were fenced off by the City of Woodbury. Due to several liens placed on the building and against the owner, the decision on what to do with the building fell to the City. Estimates to demolish the building ranged as high as $950,000. Woodbury City reached out to developers to take control of the property. A deal was struck with the RPM Development Group to repair the building, turn the ground floor into retail space, and construct age restricted apartments on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Hunter–Lawrence–Jessup House is a historic Second Empire style house located at 58 North Broad Street in the city of Woodbury in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 18, 1972, for its significance in education, military history, and politics. The house is now known as the Gloucester County Historical Society Museum and is operated by the Gloucester County Historical Society as a museum of local history.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two and one-half story brick building constructed by Judge John Sparks. In 1792, it was bought by Reverend Andrew Hunter and later in 1798, by John Lawrence. His brother, James Lawrence, also lived here. He is known for his last words: "Don&#39;t give up the ship!", as commander of the during the War of 1812. After several other owners, John S. Jessup became the owner in 1871. He renovated the house in 1888 in the Second Empire style featuring a mansard roof. After his death in 1924, it was purchased by the Gloucester County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Bodo Otto House, also known as the Otto–Tonkin House, is a historic house located at the corner of County Route 551  and Quaker Road in the Mickleton section of East Greenwich Township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1766 and documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 1936. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 1976, for its significance in military history.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two and one-half story stone building featuring Georgian architecture. The land was purchased by William Scull on June 25, 1766. He sold it to Bodo Otto Jr. (1748–1782), son of Bodo Otto, on August 1, 1772. The house was burned in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War. His wife, Catherine Schweighausen, sold the property to Samuel Tonkin in 1796, who rebuilt the house interior.</p><br>
<p>Grand Boulevard is a beltway in Corona, California that was recognized by the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 as a part of the Grand Boulevard Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It is an ordinary surface street that circles the city&#39;s historic downtown area and is approximately half a mile from the city center. It is unusual for being perfectly circular. The street was designed by Hiram Clay Kellogg (In memory of him, there is a street in Corona named Kellogg Street). Grand Boulevard was home to international races in 1913, 1914 and 1916. Grand is easily accessible from the Main Street exit on California State Route 91.</p><br>
<p>Potter&#39;s Tavern is located at 49–51 Broad Street in the city of Bridgeton in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1770, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1971, for its significance in architecture, communications, and politics. The building was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey  in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History and description</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is a two and one-half story frame building constructed in 1770. Matthew Potter, a blacksmith from Philadelphia, was proprietor from 1774 to 1779. It was a popular spot during the years before the American Revolution. In December 1775, the newspaper The Plain Dealer, considered the first regular newspaper in New Jersey, was published here. Two future governors of New Jersey, Richard Howell and Joseph Bloomfield, wrote articles for the paper.</p><br>
